Sebastian Junger: When a society collapses into anarchy and violence
當一個社會崩潰到無政♥府♥狀態和暴♥力♥時
civilians inevitably take matters into their own hands
民衆們不可避免地會自己動手
They form armed militias.
他們組織武裝民兵
They put up checkpoints and roadblocks.
他們設置了檢查點和路障
They kill or expel anyone in the area who might threaten
他們殺死或者驅逐任何可能威脅到
their grip on power.
他們權力的人
In that kind of environment,
在這樣的環境下
radical ideologies are almost guaranteed to take hold.
激進的意識形態最可能佔上風
Radicalism depends on desperation.
激進主義依賴於絕望
It depends on grievance.
它基於不滿
And it then provides its own harsh answers to the
之後，它對困擾世界上大多數地區的
corruption and the violence that afflict much
腐♥敗♥和暴♥力♥提供了
of the world.
自己嚴酷的答案
People will always turn to radicalism once
一旦人們用盡了其它選擇
They have exhausted every other option.
他們往往會投向激進主義
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar.
真♥主♥至大，真♥主♥至大
They have to.
他們不得不如此
Their very survival is at stake.
他們的生存岌岌可危
地 獄 之 地
因爲塗繪反對蘇利亞總統巴沙爾阿薩德的標語而被捕
2011年三月，一羣德拉的在校少年
德拉省安♥全♥部♥隊負責人
阿特夫·納吉布
2011年三月
達拉，敘利亞
Robin Yassin Kassab: At first it wasn't a revolutionary movement.
起初這不是一場革命
羅賓·亞辛-凱塞卜
They weren't calling for the fall of the regime or
他們沒有要求推♥翻♥政♥權♥
The execution of the president.
或是處死總統
Robin Yassin Kassab: It was very simple.
他們的意願非常簡單
"We want our children to be released."
“我們想要我們的孩子們得到釋放”
They were calling for dignity,
他們在呼喚尊嚴
which is important in a country where people
這對於一個人♥民♥習慣於被羞辱和擺佈的國家而言
were used to being humiliated and pushed around.
是非常重要的
莎拉·查耶絲
Sarah Chayes: It's really remarkable the degree to which
有一件事情是非常值得引起注意的
corruption has played an important role in driving a variety of security crises
即在過去的五年到十年內爆發的各大安全危機中
that had been breaking out in the last five to ten years.
腐♥敗♥從中起到了重大的推動作用
給世界的信息
標語上的字：
我們給了你30年的機會
穆拉巴克下臺
Every single one of the Arab Spring revolutions was
每一場“阿♥拉♥伯之春”裏的革命
explicitly an anti-corruption revolution.
都是明確的反腐革命
These were countries run by extremely sophisticated
都發生在那些由及其複雜且成功的犯罪組織
and successful criminal organizations.
管理的國家
The people who are paid to uphold the law are the very
領薪執法的正是那些
ones violating it.
違背法律的人
It's humiliating.
這很諷刺
突尼斯
Tunisia catches fire.
突尼斯爆發革命
利比亞
Libya catches fire.
利比亞爆發革命
胡斯尼·穆巴拉克
Egypt catches fire.
埃及爆發革命
Bashar al-Assad looks at that and says,
巴沙爾·阿薩德環顧四周然後說
敘利亞
"I'll be damned."
“我要完了”
So he was willing to respond to peaceful demonstrations
所以他意願用最大化的武力
with maximal use of force.
來應對和平示♥威♥
達拉，敘利亞
The bet that he made was
他下的賭注是
"there's, at this point, no compromising with this movement
這個運動沒有妥協的餘地
so if I wanna stay in power,
所以如果我想繼續掌權的話
I have to absolutely take it to the limit."
就絕對要將它做到極致
Robin Yassin Kassab: Very quickly we got into this
羅賓·亞辛-凱塞卜:很快我們就陷入這樣一個循環
cycle of protests that were met by gunfire which led
抗♥議♥受到武力鎮♥壓♥
to funerals the next day.
鎮♥壓♥又導致了之後的葬禮
The funerals became bigger protests.
葬禮變成了更大的抗♥議♥活動
The demands, then, began to get bigger.
呼求也變得越來越大
Social justice and freedom, an end to corruption.
社會正義、自♥由♥、終結腐♥敗♥
活動人士呼籲和平抗♥議♥敘
大約20分鐘前，#阿勒頗 Salah Al Din報道了抗♥議♥活動
The regime responded again with more and more violence.
政♥府♥又次以更強大的武力回應
Zaidoun al-Zoabi: I participated in demonstrations
Zaidoun al-Zoabi： 我參加了示♥威♥
And I was detained twice afterwards.
因此被拘留了兩次
扎伊杜恩·祖阿比
In that jail, I witnessed at least the death of 80 people
在監獄裏，我目睹了至少80個人
who died just because of the conditions.
僅僅是由於惡劣的監獄環境而去世
There was no oxygen, there was no medicine.
那裏沒有氧氣，沒有藥品
There was no space for you.
也沒有足夠的空間
You can't sleep, there's no sleep.
你不能睡覺
敘利亞軍事情報總局
Wardens did not have to beat us.
獄卒都不需要打我們
We used to do it to each other.
因爲我們常常互相毆打
You know, just like a couple of rats put in a small, small, small space
就像把一羣老鼠放在一個非常非常小的空間內
and we were, we were just biting each other.
然後我們互相啃噬對方
It is a factory of terrorism.
那是一個恐♥怖♥主♥義♥工廠
You would go inside as an ordinary person and
你進去的時候還是一個普通人
Leave as a terrorist.
出來的時候就成一個恐♥怖♥分♥子♥了
Linda Ibrahim
Linda Ibrahim: I was almost 16, 17 when the revolution started.
Linda Ibrahim： 革命開始的時候我差不多16、7歲
I wanted to do something.
我想做些什麼
I mean, I wanted to participate in demonstrations.
我想加入到示♥威♥中去
I wanted these things to stop.
我想終止這些事情
Emely Issa
Emely Issa: That night, I tried to prevent them.
Emely Issa: 那晚我試着阻止他們
I told them you are young and we don't know yet how will
我告訴他們你們還年輕，而且我們還不知道
the regime behave against you.
政♥府♥將會如何對抗你們
I was afraid they will shoot.
我擔心政♥府♥方會開槍
They will shoot.
他們會開槍
I tried, but they insisted so I told them
我盡力了，但他們依舊堅持，所以我告訴他們
"okay, I will be in front of you.
好吧，那我將走在你們前面
I will be the first, but you have to follow my instructions."
我走最前面，而你們必須聽從我的指令
Emely Issa: If God gave me 1,000 years to live,
Emely Issa:即便上天讓我再活一千年
I will never forget that sound.
我也無法忘記那個聲音
Linda Ibrahim: When you see such sufferings,
Linda Ibrahim: 看到這樣的苦難
there is no childhood.
童年也在這時終結了
So many of my friends were killed.
我的很多朋友都被殺了
And this is the hardest thing, you know.
這是最痛苦的事情
Before, we wanted many things, we wanted to change,
在這之前，我們想要很多事情，我們想要改變
but now we just want peace, you know, for,
但是現在，我們只想要和平
stop killing children, I mean.
只想停止屠♥殺♥兒童
Stop killing innocent people.
停止屠♥殺♥無辜的人
BBC News: Mr. President, human rights watch, for example,
BBC News: 總統先生，以人♥權♥觀察組織的說法爲例
30th of January this year, has said that forces loyal to Bashar al-Assad
今年一月30日，忠於巴沙爾·阿薩德的武裝部隊
"have deliberately and viciously attacked civilians in opposition-held areas using indiscriminate weapons"
“在反對派控制地區使用無差別殺傷性武器蓄意惡毒地攻擊平民”
Bashar al-Assad: No, there's no indiscriminate weapons.
不，沒有使用無差別殺傷性武器
When you, when you shoot, you aim, and when you shoot,
當你，當你射擊時，你先瞄準
When you aim you aim at terrorists in order to protect civilians.
你瞄準恐♥怖♥分♥子♥來保護平民
Again, if you're talking about casualty, that's war.
重申一下，如果你用“傷亡”，那是戰爭
You cannot have war without casualty.
沒有無傷亡的戰爭
Alahu Akbar...
真♥主♥至大
Alahu Akbar.
真♥主♥至大
Robin Yassin Kassab:The regime wanted a war.
羅賓·亞辛-凱塞卜：政♥府♥想要一場戰爭
This sounds strange.
這聽起來很奇怪
Why on earth would any regime, or government,
怎麼會有政♥權♥，或者政♥府♥
or state provoke a war against itself?
或者說國家，挑起一場反對自己的戰爭呢？
Robin Yassin Kassab: The regime knew very well that it
政♥府♥很清楚
couldn't survive a genuine reform process.
自己活不過一次真正的改革
If there was a real reform process,
假使真的有一次改革
One thing would lead to another.
將會起連鎖反應
There would, there would be more and more transparency,
政♥府♥將要有越來越多的透明度
more and more crimes would be exposed, and in the end,
進而會揭露越來越多的犯罪事實，最終，
at best, the president and his top officers would have
對他們而言最好的情況是，總統和他的高管們
ended up in prison stripped of their stolen wealth.
將入獄，並被剝奪掉所有他們偷來的財富
巴沙爾·阿薩德
馬哈·阿薩德
阿瑟夫·沙烏卡特將軍
They thought that in a military conflict, in a war,
他們相信能夠打贏軍事衝突——或者說戰爭
they could win because they had done it before.
——取得勝利，因爲他們以前這麼幹過
Under Hafez al-Assad, the father of Bashar in 1982,
在1982年，巴沙爾的父親哈菲茲·阿薩德的統治下
they used artillery, they used aerial bombardment,
他們使用大炮、空中轟炸
They probably used chemical weapons,